Which of the following are functions of amniotic fluid? Select all that apply.

Amniotic fluid plays several vital roles during fetal development. One of its primary functions is to provide a cushion for the fetus, which is crucial for protecting the developing baby from mechanical injury caused by external forces. This cushioning effect helps to absorb shocks and allows the fetus to move freely, facilitating musculoskeletal development.

The fluid also serves as an indicator of renal function, as it is produced by the fetus primarily from urine. Monitoring the volume and characteristics of amniotic fluid can provide insights into the well-being of the fetus, including aspects related to kidney function. Additionally, although amniotic fluid does not directly regulate the fetal heart rate, it supports fetal movements and helps maintain overall fetal health, which can indirectly influence heart rate stability.

Another key function of amniotic fluid is to help maintain a constant temperature for the fetus. This thermal regulation is essential, as it creates a stable environment despite changes in the external conditions.

Understanding the multifaceted functions of amniotic fluid highlights its importance in promoting a healthy pregnancy and fetal development.